Last week, before pulling an all-nighter, I completed a lower-body workout consisting of lunges, leg presses, and dumbbell exercises after a 6 km run. Typically, such a session would leave me with noticeable delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in my glutes and quadriceps the following day. However, this time, since I did not sleep at all that night, I felt almost no soreness the next day. It was only after I finally slept the following night that the expected muscle soreness set in, along with a clear sense of recovery. This observation made me question the role of sleep in DOMS and muscle recovery.
DOMS is the muscle pain and stiffness that develops hours to days after intense or unfamiliar exercise. It is caused by microscopic damage to muscle fibers, triggering inflammation and repair processes. While the exact mechanisms are still being studied, sleep is known to play a crucial role in recovery. One study published in Sports Medicine (2019) found that sleep deprivation impairs the body’s inflammatory response and delays muscle recovery. This aligns with my experience—without sleep, the usual soreness was suppressed, possibly because the body’s repair mechanisms were not fully activated until rest occurred.
The absence of immediate soreness on the day after sleep deprivation could suggest that the inflammatory response was delayed. Sleep is when growth hormone peaks, facilitating tissue repair and protein synthesis. Without it, the body may prioritize immediate energy needs over recovery, postponing the soreness until proper rest is achieved. This also explains why, after finally sleeping, I felt both the soreness and the recovery effects more distinctly. The body likely used that sleep cycle to catch up on repair processes, leading to the expected DOMS the following day.
This experience highlights how critical sleep is for muscle recovery, even if the immediate effects of skipping it aren’t always obvious. While short-term sleep deprivation might mask soreness, it doesn’t eliminate the need for recovery—it merely delays it. For consistent progress in fitness, prioritizing sleep is as important as the workout itself.